论文标题:逆向供应链中的若干联合库存策略及其优化
Some Joint Inventory Policies for Reverse Supply Chain: Models and Optimization
论文作者
论文导师 梁樑,论文学位 博士,论文专业 管理科学与工程
论文单位 中国科学技术大学,点击次数 6,论文页数 134页File Size5294K
2007-10-01论文免费下载 http://paper.dic123.com/lunwen_106379682/
Reverse Supply Chain;; Supply Chain Coordination;; Joint Inventory Policy;; Decision criteria
随着政府和公众对环境保护和可持续发展问题的日益关注，越来越多的企业开始着手建立逆向供应链或逆向物流系统，以从最终用户那里回收他们使用过的废旧产品。 本文特别关注于一类特殊的“单中央处理中心-多本地收集点”双层逆向供应链系统，并专门研究其联合库存与运输控制策略。具体来说，各本地收集点从最终用户那里收集他们用过的废旧产品并将这些产品送至中央处理中心，中央处理中心则通过对这些废旧产品的回收获取相应的利润。 我们关注的联合库存策略从简单到复杂经历了以下三个阶段：(1)各本地收集点采取独立的库存运输策略，却保证相同的运输批量：(2)中央处理中心统一负责各本地收集点到处理中心的废品运输，就像供应商管理库存(VMI)中供应商统一管理所有零售商库存一样；(3)在(2)的基础上进一步引入“可订货”策略以减小不必要的小量运输。对于上述每一种联合库存策略，我们的目的是最小化系统的单位时间平均运作成本。 同时，为了让我们更清晰地认识前向供应链中的VMI管理思想和可订货策略，我们在上述讨论中插入了一章前向供应链的内容，专门将可订货策略应用于VMI系统之中。 此外，考虑到某些本地收集点还具有一定的产品修复能力并可以将其修复后的产品在二手市场销售，我们特别为这类双渠道本地收集点提出了一种联合库存策略，目的是最大化本地收集点的利润。通过对这类系统在该策略下的主要系统特征的讨论，我们分析了策略最优解的变化趋势。 最后，注意到在多参数优化问题中，经常会出现众多局部最优解，这些局部解有时候在目标值上差别并不显著却对各系统参数变化的敏感性各异。显然，在供应链扰动常有发生的时候，选择一种敏感性低或者稳健性相对较高的策略是明智的。因此，我们最后提出了一种基于供应链扰动的决策准则，以改进通常目标成本最小或利润最大的单一准则。
Sustainability and environment protection has become a major issue in our modern society and economy. Many leading companies have effectively utilized reverse supply chains to retrieve their used products from customers. This research focuses on a special reverse supply chain system which includes a single centralized returns center (CRC) and multiple local contact points (LCPs). A special attention is on the joint inventory control and product returns handling policies. In detail, LCPs collect used products from local customers and then delivery them to CRC, CRC handles those returned products to recovery part or whole of them, or to retrieve some material from them. From simple to complex, the joint inventory and policy follows the following 3 steps: (ⅰ) Each LCP independently decides its delivery with the same delivery batch, (ⅱ) CRC controls the transportation activities of all the LCPs, (ⅲ) a "can order policy" is introduced to policy (ⅱ) to avoid transportation with minor quantities. For each policy described above, the purpose is to minimize the system average cost per unit time. To make us learn the VMI system and can order policy more clearly, Chapter 4 has been interpetted into the above discussion. In Chapeter 4, the can order policy is studied in the framework of VMI, that represents an example of can order policy in the forward supply chain. Noting that some LCP also has some limited ability to recovery some used products and can sell those recovered products in the second hand market, we specially introduce a joint inventory policy for these dual channel LCPs with the purpose of maximizing LCP"s profit. Finally, note that there are often existed several local optimal solutions in a multiple parameter optimization problem. Usually, these local solutions are almost no obviously different in the objective value, but vary large in the sensitivities tothe system parameter. Therefore, under the situation that supply chain disruption happens often, it is. reasonable to choose a solution with a relative low sensitivity. Thus, a new decision criteria which based on supply chain disruption is introduce in the last part of this paper to improve the normal criteria.
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