论文标题:变迁与重建
Change and Reestablishment
论文作者
论文导师 纪能文,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 高等教育学
论文单位 厦门大学,点击次数 8,论文页数 52页File Size1046K
2007-10-01论文免费下载 http://paper.dic123.com/lunwen_285004277/
Change;; Reesablishment;; National Defense Education
清未民初是近代中国剧烈转型的时期,也是中国的传统国防体系不断趋于崩溃和现代国防体系艰难确立的过程。这一过程中,近代的国防教育伴随着国防的近代化开始出现,并在半个多世纪间走过了一条从萌芽至初成体系的艰难曲折的历史进程:洋务运动时期,一些地主阶级的有识之士为了挽救国家的危亡,开始进行改革近代国防的尝试,近代国防教育也因此开始萌芽;到了清未新政时期,面对新的民族危机,晚清政府开始进行了一系列的国防和国防教育改革,随着军国民主义思潮的出现和军国民主义教育的实践,近代国防教育体系初步形成;民国初期,孙中山最早地提出了“国防教育”口号,并对中华民国的国防教育体系进行初步的规划,为近代中国国防教育体系的确立奠定了理论基础。 就近代国防教育体系形成的总体过程,由于实施国防教育主体阶级的局限性,广大人民群众一直被摒弃于国民教育的大门之外,国防教育的效果也因此被大大地打了折扣。南京国民政府,由于新成立国民党政权的封建性和买办性特征,国防教育因此呈现出了畸形化的特征。但这一时期,一批进步的知识分子,开始积极推进乡村建设实验,把推进军事国防教育作为乡村动员和乡村社会改造的基本手段之一,推动近代国防教育从学校和军队走向社会,推动了国防教育向大众化方向的发展。
The period between late Qing Dynasty and early Republic China witnessed an acute transition from the ceaseless collapse of traditional state defense system to the formidable formation of modern one. However, neoteric national defense education started its way in this period and developed to be systematic through ups and downs. It sprouted when some pioneers endeavored to retrieve the state in peril. The whole system came into being when the government of late Qing dynasty, confronted with plenty of various racial crisis, carried out series of reforms which impelled the trend of“physically strong citizens”. With the start of Republic China government, Sun Yaseung first brought forward the slogan of national defense education and he had his preparatory layout, which formed the theoretic foundation. But when the Republic China was founded, the effect of the state defense education was considerably weakened due to nonparticipation of people. When Kuo Ming Tang took regime in Nanjing, it went freaky due to the feudalism and comprador character of the newly founded government; however, some progressive clerisies promoted it in the country and took advantage of it for villagers’mobilization and social reforms, which resulted in popularization of national defense education from school and army to the whole society.
|
